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1987-02-09
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┌────────────┐
│ BLACKBEARD │
└────────────┘
User Supported Software
VERSION LOG
BLACKBEARD FORMATTER
version remarks
------------------------------------------------------------------
1.0 First release version of the formatter.
1.1 Added sections and table of contents feature and include
file.
1.2 Multi-line titles (upto 10)
1.3 Fixed bug that truncated first line to the length of the
title.
1.4 File terminated with FF CR LF
1.5 Title does not skip spaces when using multi-line titles.
1.6 Require function added to allow merging of files.
1.7 Bold function to insert special bold sequences
2.0 New C Compiler used. Output command added.
2.1 Bold start & end sequences added.
2.2 Latest BB 6.45 distribution version. 2-9-87.
INTRODUCTION
Printing out documents is an essential associated task of a
text processing system. Blackbeard performs the editing tasks
very well. An available text formatter/printer was not
available. Programs like Microsoft Word (R) are so word
processing oriented that simplicity is often compromised. The
Blackbeard formatter is a simple to use, do what I tell you, text
processor. It takes any text file and produce a cleaned up
printed output. It is also a powerful formatter for producing
technical documents. A design constraint was that the initial
version be compatible with DEC's DSR (R) as much as possible.
This manual describes how to use the formatter.
RUNNING BLACKBEARD FORMATTER
To run Blackbeard formatter type:
BBF
or
BBF {filename}
BBF does not include a pop-up directory of files to format
yet (available real soon now). BBF will then format your
document and write it to the standard output device (the
screen). To send the output to the printer run Blackbeard with
the command:
BBF {filename} >prn
This redirects output to the printer. You could also
redirect the output to a filename if you want by substituting a
filename for prn.
The default format is to print 2 blank lines at the top of the
page, the filename (used for the title), 2 more blank lines,
text lines as they appear in the file (no formatting is done,
except for tabs are converted to spaces, fonts are replaced if
enabled and spaces are insert if a left margin is used), 2 blank
lines, a page number, and a form feed.
COMMANDS
The nature of the format can be altered by embedding
formatter commands (often known as dot commands) in your text.
The general format is:
.command parameter1 parameter2 text
The following is a description of the available commands.
.bold c string
Sets up a bold charater indicator. When the bold
character is first encountered in the text, all subsequent
characters are duplicated and the string is inserted between
the duplicated characters until a terminating bold character
is encountered. Example:
.bold @ &a+
abc@def@ghi
formats to:
abcd&a+de&a+ef&a+fghi
.bs c string
.be c string
Sets up a bold charater indicator. When the bold character is
first encountered in the text, all subsequent characters are
duplicated and the string designated with .bs is inserted
between the duplicated characters and the string designated
with .be is inserted after the duplicated character until a
terminating bold character is encountered. Example:
.bs &a-67H
.be &a-5H
is the sequence to perform bolding on the HP Laserjet+ with the
standard 10CPI font. For:
XYZ
the string:
X&a-67HX&a-5HY&a-67HY&a-5HZ&a-67HZ&a-5H
is produced. The HP laserjet+ perform the following
operations when receiving this sequence. An X is printed then
the jet is moved "horizontally backward" 67 decipoints (i.e.,
just less than the character width of 72 decipoints), the
character X is printed again, and the jet is moved "horizontally
backward" 5 decipoints, which is the compensation for not having
moved back 72 originally. So the character appears bold having
been printed once and the offset printed again.
This formatting command can cause your document to become
uneditable since lines can get very long. Essentially each
bolded charater becomes equivalent to 15 characters (in this
example). So if you have a line of 20 bolded characters, that
line is now 300 characters long! The max line length the
Blackbeard formatter can currently accomodate is 4096
characters. So for this example that is a line of 273
characters.
.dump string
Dumps a string to the file designated by the file command.
.enable c
Set the font character as the character c. For example:
.enable
.file filename
This command causes the formatter to place all header numbers
and titles in the specified file. This functions as a table
of contents.
.fm before-title after-title before-footer after-footer
Specify the page layout:
┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│ before-title │
│ Title line │
│ after-title │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│<-> This is a sample text line. │
│lm This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ This is a sample text line. │
│ before-footer │
│ Footer line │
│ after-footer │
└─────────────────────────────────┘
The number of blank spaces at the top and bottom of the text.
Default is 2 2 2 2.
.fo
Running footer at the bottom of page. A # represents the page
number.
.hl n
This is the header level command. It allows you to create
relocatable sections and produce automatic numbering like
1.2.4.6.
Example:
.hl 1 Section 1
.hl 2 Section 1.1
.hl 3 Section 1.1.1
.hl 2 Section 1.2
.hl 1 Section 2
.include filename
This will emplace a file -- as is -- in the file you are
currently formatting. This command includes graphics as well
as ASCII files.
.le
This is a list element. It allows you to create a numbered
list.
.ls
List start. Starts (and ends) an itemized list.
.lm n
Left margin. Default is 0.
.nmlv header-level number
Reset header level numbering.
.nmpg n
Reset page number.
.output s
Outputs the string s without considering it as text. This can
be used to reset the printer, e.g., landscape to portrait
mode.
.pg
New page.
.ps n
Page size with n in lines per page. Default is 66.
.req filename
This will emplace a file and reformat as required in the file
you are currently formatting. This command can be nested, but
only ten files can be required at any one time.
.ti [n] text
Running title on top of page. A # in the title text
represents the page number. Multiple line titles can be
designated by preceding the title with a number between 0 and
9. For example to get a two line title use the commands:
.ti 0 First title line
.ti 1 Second title line
FONTS
The formatter can also perform font translation. It does
this by recognizing font designators in your text file. A
font designator begins with the ASCII font character such as
followed by another ASCII character for the font number
such as for the first font.
When fonts are enabled (see the .enable command) the font
designations are replaced by the escape sequenced required for
the printer defined in the Blackbeard font file. When the
formatter starts up it looks for a font file. Blackbeard looks
in the current subdirectory for a file named BB.FNT. This file
defines the font to escape sequence relationship. If there is
not a file named BB.CFG in the current subdirectory, Blackbeard
will look in the DOS environment for the symbol BBFNT, if it is
found it will use the filename supplied with the symbol. This
will let you keep one font file and use Blackbeard from any disk
or directory. To set BBFNT place this command or one similar in
your autoexec.bat file
SET BBFNT=C:\BB.FNT
The font file looks like the following:
0 18 18 ( normal = 10 CPI)
1 27,45,1 27,45,0 ( underline)
2 27,69 27,70 ( bold )
3 27,69 27,70 ( italic)
4 27,69 27,70 ( subscript)
5 27,69 27,70 ( superscript)
6 15 18 ( compressed)
7 14 20 ( double)
8 27,58 27,58 ( 12 CPI)
The first number is the font number. The second set of numbers
define the "ON" sequence for that font number. The third set of
numbers define the "OFF" sequence for that font number. The
rest of the line is ignored and can be used for comments.
A comma separates numbers of a set. Spaces separates sets from sets.
To use a font enclose your text between font designators as
follows:
"127""1"abcdef"127""1"
"127" and "1" stand for the ASCII characters 127 and 01.
This can be done using the insert special character feature of
Blackbeard. When this file is formatted, these font designators
will be replaced so they will look like (using the sample font
file):
"27""45""1"abcdef"27""45""0"
There are several font files included on your Blackbeard
distribution diskette. The following is a descriptive list of
these files.
Filename Description
---------- ----------------------------------------------------
TP351.FNT Fonts for the TOSHIBA P351
BB.FNT The Blackbeard standard font file (≈ TP351.FNT)
EMX80.FNT Epson MX 80 font file